AC Circuit Tool

Capacitor Reactance Calculator

Calculate the capacitive reactance of a capacitor at any frequency. Enter frequency and capacitance to calculate XC using the standard formula XC = 1/(2πfC). Results are provided in ohms.

Capacitive Reactance Calculator

Enter the operating frequency and capacitor value to calculate capacitive reactance.

AC
Capacitor C
Capacitive Reactance Formula
XC = 1 / (2πfC)

XC = capacitive reactance
f = frequency in Hz
C = capacitance in farads

Capacitive Reactance
— Ω
Frequency
—
Hz
Capacitance
—
F
Reactance Type
Capacitive
AC opposition

The Formula

Capacitive reactance is calculated from the reciprocal of the product of angular frequency and capacitance.

XC = 1 / (2πfC)

Frequency Effect

For a fixed capacitor, increasing frequency decreases capacitive reactance. This makes capacitors increasingly effective at passing higher-frequency AC signals.

XC ∝ 1/f

Capacitance Effect

For a fixed frequency, increasing capacitance decreases capacitive reactance.

XC ∝ 1/C
How It Works

Calculate capacitor reactance in seconds.

The calculator automatically converts your selected frequency and capacitance units into SI units before applying the reactance formula.

1

Enter frequency

Enter the operating frequency in Hz, kHz, MHz, or GHz.

2

Enter capacitance

Enter the capacitor value in pF, nF, µF, mF, or F.

3

Calculate Xc

The calculator applies Xc = 1/(2πfC) and displays the result in ohms.

Worked Example

Example: 100 nF at 1 kHz

Consider a 100 nF capacitor operating at a frequency of 1 kHz.

Quantity Value
Frequency 1,000 Hz
Capacitance 100 nF
Capacitance in farads 0.0000001 F
Formula Xc = 1 / (2πfC)
Reactance ≈ 1,592 Ω

Therefore, a 100 nF capacitor has approximately 1.59 kΩ of capacitive reactance at 1 kHz.

Engineering Applications

Where capacitive reactance calculations are useful

Filter Design

Calculate the reactance of capacitors used in high-pass, low-pass, and other filter circuits.

AC Circuits

Determine how strongly a capacitor opposes AC current at a particular frequency.

Impedance

Use capacitive reactance when analyzing the impedance of AC and RLC circuits.

Signal Coupling

Estimate capacitor reactance when selecting coupling and bypass capacitors.

Capacitive reactance is frequency dependent

Unlike a resistor's resistance, a capacitor's opposition to AC changes with frequency. At higher frequencies, XC becomes smaller. At lower frequencies, XC becomes larger. This frequency-dependent behavior is one of the main reasons capacitors are widely used in filters, coupling networks, timing circuits, and signal conditioning.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Capacitor reactance questions

What is capacitive reactance?

Capacitive reactance is the opposition a capacitor presents to alternating current. It is measured in ohms and is represented by Xc.

What is the formula for capacitive reactance?

The standard formula is Xc = 1/(2πfC), where Xc is capacitive reactance in ohms, f is frequency in hertz, and C is capacitance in farads.

What happens to capacitive reactance when frequency increases?

Capacitive reactance decreases as frequency increases. The relationship is inversely proportional, so a higher frequency produces a lower Xc for the same capacitor.

What happens to capacitive reactance when capacitance increases?

Capacitive reactance decreases when capacitance increases. A larger capacitance provides lower opposition to AC at the same frequency.

What is capacitive reactance at DC?

For an ideal capacitor at zero frequency (DC), capacitive reactance approaches infinity. After a transient, an ideal capacitor behaves as an open circuit to steady-state DC.

What units are used in the capacitor reactance formula?

Frequency should be expressed in hertz and capacitance in farads. The resulting capacitive reactance is expressed in ohms.